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About Belgorod
HISTORY OF THE BELGOROD REGIONIn VIII century, after destructive campaigns of Arabs to the North Caucasus in pool of Oskol appear аланы, and from now on the territory of the modern Belgorod region is a part Hazaria каганата. The given earths were a northwest border zone of the specified state. On border the system of the fortresses constructed under the direction of the Byzantian engineers from local limestone has been created. The population was engaged in settled cattle breeding, hunting, fishery and foreign trade. In Pooskole ferrous metallurgy has been highly developed. Iron received from marsh ore сыродутным in the way. After a campaign of Kiev prince Svjatoslava Igorevicha on Hazaria каганат (965) the slavic breeding union of the northerners living including in upper courses of the river Severski Donets, was a part of the Old Russian state.
From XII century the given territory was a part of the Chernigov princedom. Mongolo-tatar invasion has led to desolation of edge. In XV century the Chernigovsko-Seversky earth, including the earths on the Collum and Oskol, has been won by Grand duchy Lithuanian from Golden Horde. In 1500 Vasily Ivanovich Shemjachich owning these earths, has passed with destiny to service to the grand duke the Moscow Ivan to III Vasilyevich. Joining of these possession to Russian state has been fixed by the Russian-Lithuanian contract of 1503 From now on forest-steppe Donetsko-Oskolskaja (territory of the modern Belgorod region) played the important role in defence of the country against attacks of the Crimean Tatars since the main steppe Tatar roads (Kalmiussky, Izjumsky and Muravsky сакмы here converged).
Since 1571 for struggle against the Crimean intrusions into forest-steppes Donetsko-Oskolskoj the all-Russian caretaking service began to operate. Then the first attempt of a designation of border of the Russian kingdom with the Crimean khanate that has begun the Russian frontier service and frontier troops here has been made. In the end of XVI century of three first fortresses here have been constructed: Belgorod, Oskol (Old) and Valujki.
The decision on construction of Belgorod was accepted the Seigniorial thought in 1593 then, possibly, and there was a settlement on a place of the future city. However the Belgorod fortress has been built under the decree reigning Feodor Ivanovicha in the autumn of 1596 Building supervised воеводы over M.V.Nozdrevatyj-Zvenigorodsky and A.R.Volkonsky. Originally the fortress settled down on the White mountain which was on the right coast of the river of Severski Donets, at a confluence of it of a stream Jachnev Kolodez. Детинец (the central part of a fortress) had рубленые the wooden walls established on a shaft before which the ditch has been dug. In the plan детинец represented a rectangle, in the sizes 220х240 m — it is strengthened by earthen shaft and 8 towers. It settled down on the brink of breakage over the river. The roundabout city covered детинец a half ring from an opposite side and had an external wooden wall in the extent about 1 km from 10-11 towers. The city total area made apprx. 33 hectares.
In the Time of Troubles the Belgorod garrison has come over to the side of Lzhedmitrija I, and after its destruction has supported Lzhedmitrija II. In 1612 the fortress has been grasped and burnt by group Poltava черкас (Cossacks) under command of the prince S. a bast, come of Rechi Pospolitoj. In 1613 the fortress has been built again up by remained inhabitants under the direction of воеводы N.P.Lihareva, but already on opposite, left coast of the river of Severski Donets. The fortress area made now 9 hectares. Детинец in the sizes 150х130 the m with 8 towers structurally represented a standing jail with fighting superstructures — обламами. From the north it was adjoined by the big jail with 15 towers, the perimetre of its walls made 1120 m. the Configuration and the sizes of a fortress have been caused by a relief поймы the river proceeding on the one hand, from the north — a stream White Kolodez, and on the other hand a fortress has been surrounded by boggy lowlands. The fortress Belgorod has been transferred to 1650 on the right coast of the river Severski Donets to the Karpovsky shaft of the Belgorod line where now there is a city centre.
Erection of separate fortresses has not provided protection of suburb of the state against intrusions. In days of the Russian-Polish Smolensk war 1632-1634 the territory of the modern Belgorod region has seriously suffered. As a result there was the Belgorod line stretched more than on 800 km (on territory of the modern Belgorod region — 425 km, 10 fortresses: Хотмыжск, Carps, Bolhovets, Belgorod, Nezhegolsk, Korocha, Jablonov, Tsarev-Alekseev, Verhososensk, Userd). The construction of strengthenings occurred with 1635 on 1658 All armed forces drawing duty on Line, have been subordinated Belgorod воеводе and united in the Belgorod regiment (in 1658 — more than 19 thousand people) . During the all-Russian campaign it was "a regiment of the left hand", i.e. took the third place in hierarchy of military units of Russia XVII century In the territory adjoining the Belgorod line, the military-administrative district — the Belgorod category therefore all civil and military power has been concentrated to the given territory in hands Belgorod воеводы has been created. Originally 17 cities have been included in this category, and in 1677 — 61. In 1667 the Belgorod diocese here has been opened.
In 1708-1727 the territory of the modern Belgorod region was included into the Kiev and Azov provinces. In 1727 the decision of the Supreme Privy Council had been formed the Belgorod province. In 1777-1779 the province territory has been divided between again formed Tula, the Slobodsko-Ukrainian language, Oryol and Kursk наместничествами. Further the territory of the modern Belgorod region was included into the Voronezh and Kursk provinces (1796-1928). In this territory in XIX century the process industry and manufacture of building materials for local needs developed. For region limits took out the production only мелоизвестковые factories. The Korochansky district became the all-Russian centre of manufacture and processing of sadovo-berry production.
On September, 4th, 1911 the decision of the Most holy Synod of the Russian orthodox church, the confirmed emperor, had been canonised the Belgorod bishop Ioasaf (Горленко), deceased in 1754 and buried in a crypt of the Belgorod Piously-Troitsk cathedral.
During the First World War in Belgorod the First Polish infantry spare regiment which number reached 20 thousand people After signing of the Brest world by April, 1918 the German armies has been billeted occupied Grajvoronsky, Belgorod, Valujsky, Birjuchansky, New Oskolsky and Partially Korochansky districts. Till January, 1919 these territories were a part of the Ukrainian power of hetm P.P.Skoropadskogo. In 1919 in the south of region there were fights of Red Army to parts of Armed forces of the South of Russia.
The territory of the modern Belgorod region was a part of neogenic Central Black Earth area (on May, 14th, 1928), and on June, 13th, 1934 ЦЧО has been divided into the Voronezh and Kursk areas. In 30-40th ХХ century industrial development of deposits of iron ores of Kursk magnetic anomaly has begun.
In days of the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945 the region has been occupied by the German armies (1941-1943), released during Kursk fight of 1943 during which time here there was a Prohorovsky tank battle of 1943
The decree of Presidium of the Supreme body of the USSR from 06.01.1954 forms the Belgorod region. Its structure included 23 areas of Kursk and 8 areas Voronezh areas, a total area of 27,1 thousand in sq. km, with the population 1млн.227 thousand persons (on census of 1959).
For courage and the firmness shown белгородцами at protection of the Native land in the Great Patriotic War and for the reached successes in restoration and development of a national economy by the Decree of Presidium of the Supreme body of the USSR from January, 4th, 1967 the Belgorod region is awarded the order Lenin, and in 1980 the award of a Patriotic War of 1 degree had been awarded the city of Belgorod for courage and the firmness shown by workers of a city in days of the Great Patriotic War and for successes, reached in economic and cultural building.
In memory of tank battle under Prohorovkoj, on the Third military field of Russia - Prohorovsky - will erect the Victory Monument - the Belfry, and in the settlement on national donations the Temple of sacred apostles Peter and Pavel is built.
Here on the eve of the Victory 55 anniversary in the Great Patriotic War presidents of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus from blessing of the patriarch Moscow and Vseja of Russia Alex II троеручно have struck in the Unification bell.
Today the region is famous for diligent, self-denying work of many generations белгородцев, brought the appreciable contribution to national economy strengthening. The Belgorod region constantly takes a leading place in Russia on many social and economic indexes. Here the solid economic, scientific and technical potential is generated, the developed welfare sphere is created.